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標題: [新聞] 百種瀕危物種 專家籲多保護 [打印本頁]

作者: vandas    時間: 2013-2-21 03:04 PM     標題: 百種瀕危物種 專家籲多保護


(路透奧斯陸)研究說,如果全球要達成在2020年前避免讓瀕危物種滅絕的目標,像是牙買加岩鬣蜥等沒什麼人聽過的不知名動植物,必須更加好好保護。

「無價還是沒有價值?」(Priceless orWorthless?)報告列出100種面臨最大威脅的物種,並表示嚴重瀕臨絕種的動植物,像是馬達加斯加的泰山變色龍(Tarzan's chameleon),值得保育,因為就算對人類沒有經濟價值,牠們對地球來說還是無可取代。

倫敦動物學會(Zoological Society of London)保育主任白里(Jonathan Baillie)教授從南韓透過電話告訴路透社:「(100種瀕臨絕種的物種),有超過一半很少或根本沒有受到注意。」

他警告,很少人會擔心新加坡淡水蟹、塞席爾鞘尾蝠或魯瑞斯坦蠑螈的命運。魯瑞斯坦蠑螈只能在伊朗薩格洛斯(Zagros)山區發現。

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泰山變色龍(Tarzan's chameleon)

身上有亮綠色與黃色的泰山變色龍,在不斷縮減的雨林內大抵遭到忽視。

白里提到這份報告時說,「我們必須重新思考」保育優先順序。這份報告有124頁,是由倫敦動物學會與國際自然保育聯盟(International Union forConservation of Nature)發表,國際自然保育聯盟正在南韓召開會議,有政府、科學家與運動人士參與。

國際自然保育聯盟說,這份報告「希望把『無價值』生物的保育,從全球各地非政府組織設定的方針中往上挪移。」報告說,像獅子或貓熊等生物,獲得比蠑螈還多的關注。

人口增加與其他因素,像是城市擴大、砍伐森林、汙染與氣候變遷,都造成棲息地消失,導致越來越多動、植物物種滅絕。中央社


One last swansong: 8,000 scientists in plea to save the 100 most endangered animals and plants - which they say will be extinct by 2020 without our care

An international consortium of more than 8,000 scientists have called for urgent help to save Earth's 100 most threatened animals, plants and fungi.

While Nature has always operated by survival of the fittest, humanity's increasing need for space is adding to the stresses on the natural kingdom.

The report blamed a loss of habitat, caused by a rising human population and other factors such as expanding cities, deforestation, pollution and climate change, for driving more and more species of animals and plants to extinction.

The 100 species, from 48 different countries are first in line to disappear completely if nothing is done to protect them.


Clinging to the edge: Cavia intermedia (left), otherwise known as Santa Catarina's guinea pig, is only found on the small island of Moleques do Sul - which is only 26acres in size. Meanwhile, there are just 170 of these albatrosses - Diomedea amsterdamensis - on their breeding spot of Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean


Ardeotis nigriceps: Hunted for food or sport, there are less than 250 left in Africa - and these are isolated in small groups across a wide area

They range from the Jamaican rock iguana - originally reported extinct, but now found to be clinging on with two small populations, to the suicide palm of Madagascar, which dies exhausted after producing tiny yellow flowers on a stem up to 5 metres (16 ft) long.

Many on the list, such as the Ethiopia's liben lark, or the Seychelles sheath-tailed bat, may not be as familiar to us as lions or whales, but each adds something to the planet which, once lost, is gone forever.

The report, 'Priceless or Worthless?', says all the species need to be much better protected or face extinction by 2020.



THE TINY SURVIVOR THAT CLINGS ON TO LIFE IN WALES

In the UK, a small area in Wales is the only place in the world where the brightly coloured willow blister (Cryptomyces maximus) is found.

Populations of the spore-shooting fungi are currently in decline, and a single catastrophic event could cause their total destruction.

Cryptomyces maximus occurs only on willows, as a weak parasite of twigs.

In this highly specialised habitat, Cryptomyces maximus does not seriously threaten the tree.

It produces extensive irregular black crusts below the bark, characteristically surrounded by a bright orange or yellow halo.

When ripe and moist, the fruit body expands, breaking through the bark, and splitting the crust to reveal the fertile layer.

Ascospores (sexually produced microscopic fungal spores) are released violently from this surface and are dispersed by the wind.

Only four sites, on the North West coast of Wales, are known.


The 124-page report will be presented at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in South Korea this week, and hopes to push the conservation of 'worthless' creatures up the agenda that is set by NGOs from around the globe.

Professor Jonathan Baillie, director of conservation at ZSL, said: 'Over half (of the 100 most endangered species) are receiving little or no attention.

'The donor community and conservation movement are leaning increasingly towards a 'what can nature do for us' approach, where species and wild habitats are valued and prioritised according to the services they provide for people.

'This has made it increasingly difficult for conservationists to protect the most threatened species on the planet.

'While the utilitarian value of nature is important conservation goes beyond this. Do these species have a right to survive or do we have a right to drive them to extinction?'

Co-author of the report, ZSL's Ellen Butcher says: 'All the species listed are unique and irreplaceable.

'If they vanish, no amount of money can bring them back. However, if we take immediate action we can give them a fighting chance for survival.

'But this requires society to support the moral and ethical position that all species have an inherent right to exist.'

The IUCN said the report 'hopes to push the conservation of 'worthless' creatures up the agenda that is set by NGOs (non-governmental organisations) from around the globe.'

'We need a fund to prevent extinction, resourced by governments, that is in the billions, not millions,' the report said, without specifying a currency.


Measures such as an expansion of protected areas or hunting bans were particularly needed, it said.

Antilophia bokermanni: In 2000, there were believed to be just 50 of these birds left in the wilds of Brazil. This increased to 250 - until a theme park was built in the region, decimating the population again


星叢龜 Psammobates geometricus has lost 97 per cent of its habitat, thanks to building work in South-Western Cape of South Africa

Baillie said people may have gone too far in recent years in judging animals and plants by the economic value of the services they provide, including food, medicine or as tourist attractions.

'We need to keep the appreciation for the wonderful diversity of life on Earth as the key message, and then other utilitarian arguments have to be additional,' he said.

Governments agreed in 2010 to a plan to protect life on earth that included the goal: 'By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.'

The IUCN said that all species had value.
'Although the value of some species may not appear obvious at first, all species in fact contribute in their way to the healthy functioning of the planet,' said Simon Stuart, Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission.

The list of the 100 most endangered species included others such as the Cayman Islands ghost orchid, and the Javan rhino.

A ban on hunting had helped the recovery of the humpback whale, now estimated to number 60,000.
Captive breeding meant that Przewalski's horse, once almost extinct, now numbered more than 300 in the wild from Ukraine to China.

The pygmy three-toed sloth (Bradypus pygmaeus) is one of the animals facing a bleak future. Escudo Island, 17km off the coast of Panama, is the only place in the world where these tiny sloths are found.
At half the size of their mainland cousins, and weighing roughly the same as a newborn baby, pygmy sloths are the smallest and slowest sloths in the world and remain Critically Endangered.

Similarly, the saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) is one of the most threatened mammals in Southeast Asia. Known as the Asian unicorn because of its rarity, the population of these antelope may be down to few tens of individuals today.

In the UK, a small area in Wales is the only place in the world where the brightly coloured willow blister (Cryptomyces maximus) is found. Populations of the spore-shooting fungi are currently in decline, and a single catastrophic event could cause their total destruction.
Professor Baillie said: 'If we believe these species are priceless it is time for the conservation community, government and industry to step up to the plate and show future generations that we value all life.''

部份圖片來源IUCN
作者: vandas    時間: 2013-2-21 03:05 PM

全球百種瀕危物種名單:

Full list of species:
Scientific NameCommon NameCategoryPopulationThreats to Survival
Action Required
Abies beshanzuensisBaishan FirConifer5 mature individualsAgricultural expansion and fireEx-situ conservation and re-introduction, and establishment of a protected area
Actinote zikani
butterflyUnknown, one population remainingHabitat degradation due to pressure from human populationsProtection of habitat and Mikania obsoleta (host plant)
Aipysurus foliosquamaLeaf scaled sea-snakesea-snakeUnknown, two subpopulations remainUnknown - likely degradation of coral reef habitatEvaluate reasons for population decline and formulate appropriate management plans
Amanipodagrion gilliesiAmani Flatwingbutterfly<500 individuals est.Habitat degradation due to increasing population pressure and water pollutionHabitat protection
Antilophia bokermanniAraripe Manakinbird779 individuals (est 2010)abitat destruction due to expansion of agriculture and recreational facilities and water diversionFormal protection of remaining habitat and protection of springs and streams
Antisolabis seychellensisSeychelles earwigearwigUnknown (declining)Invasive species and climate changeHabitat management to prevent further invasion by introduced plants
Aphanius transgrediens
freshwater fishUnknown (declining)Competition and predation by Gambusia and road construction
Raise awareness in national conservation groups and governments, monitor and conserve current springs, develop action plan for lost springs and maintain captive populations
Aproteles bulmeraeBulmer's Fruit Batbat150 individuals (est)Hunting and cave disturbanceProtection of Luplupwintern cave and enforced prohibition of hunting
Ardea insignisWhite bellied heronbird70-400 individualsHabitat destruction and degradation due to hydropower development
Develop captive rearing and release program, eliminate adverse uses of riverine habitat, and mitigate effects of hydroelectric development
Ardeotis nigricepsGreat Indian Bustardbird50 -249 mature individualsHabitat loss and modification due to agricultural developmentEstablishment of protected areas and community reserves, and realignment of Indira Ghandi Nahar Canal Project
Astrochelys yniphoraPloughshare tortoise / angonokatortoise440-770Illegal collection for international pet tradeEnforcement of legal protection and protected area management
Atelopus baliosRio pescado stubfoot toadtoadUnknown (declining)Chytridiomycosis and habitat destruction due to logging and agricultural expansionProtection of last remaining habitat
Aythya innotataMadagascar Pochardbirdapproximately 20 mature individualsHabitat degradation due to slash-and-burn agriculture, hunting, and fishing / introduced fishFormal protection of current breeding site, habitat restoration, and development of release programme for captive-bred individuals
Azurina eupalamaGalapagos damsel fishpelagic fishUnknown (declining)Climate Change - oceanographic changes associated with the 1982 / 1983 El Nino are presumed to be responsible for the apparent disappearance of this species from the Galapagos
Surveys to identify if the species still exists in Los Lobos Islands
Bahaba taipingensisGiant yellow croakerpelagic fishUnknown (declining)Over-fishing, primarily due to value of swim-bladder for traditional medicine - cost per kilogram exceeded that of gold in 2001Establishment of appropriate protection in Hong Kong and enforcement of legal protection in China
Batagur baskaCommon Batagur/ Four-toed terrapinturtleUnknown (declining)Illegal export and trade from Indonesia to China
Enforcement of CITES Appendix I restrictions and control of illegal trade
Bazzania bhutanica
liverwortUnknown (declining)Habitat degradation and destruction due to forest clearance, overgrazing and development
Protection of area to prevent future development damaging remaining habitat
Beatragus hunteriHirolaantelope< 1000 individuals
Habitat loss and degradation, competition with livestock, poaching
Establishment of protected areas and community conservancies, increase in level of management and protection of wild population
Bombus frankliniFranklin's Bumble BeebeeUnknown (declining)Disease from commercially bred bumblebees and habitat destruction and degradationProtection of habitat containing nectar and pollen sources
Brachyteles hypoxanthusNorthern muriquiprimate< 1,000 individualsHabitat loss and fragmentation due to large-scale deforestation and selective loggingHabitat protection and commitment of resources to support the implementation of the national action plan
Bradypus pygmaeusPygmy slothsloth<500 individuals
Habitat loss due to illegal logging of mangrove forests for firewood and construction and hunting of the slothsEnforcement of protection of the Isla Escudo de Veraguas nature sanctuary and raising awareness
Callitriche pulchra
freshwater plantUnknown (declining)Exploitation of the species’ habitat by stock, and modification of the pool by local peopleProvide alternative water sources for stock, involve local people in the protection of the pool and document remaining water bodies on Gavdos
Calumma tarzanTarzan's chameleonchameleonUnknownHabitat destruction for agricultureSupport for nascent community conservation initiatives and protection of habitat
Cavia intermediaSanta Catarina's guinea pigguinea pig40-60 individualsHabitat disturbance and possible hunting; small population effectsProtected area enforcement and regulation of access to the island
Cercopithecus rolowayRoloway GuenonprimateUnknownhunting for consumption as bushmeat, and habitat lossProtection of habitat from logging and conversion to agricultural land
Coleura seychellensisSeychelles sheath-tailed batbat<100 mature individuals (est 2008)Habitat degradation and predation by invasive speciesRemoval of invasive vegetation and control of introduced predators, coupled with legal protection of habitat and roosting sites
Cryptomyces maximus
fungusUnknown (declining)Limited availability of habitatcontinue protection of current populations and habitat regeneration projects
Cryptotis nelsoniNelson's small-eared shrewshrewUnknown (declining)habitat loss due to logging cattle grazing, fire and agriculture
Cyclura colleiJamaican iguanaiguanaUnknown (declining)Predation by introduced species and habitat destructionTranslocation to predator-free islands and control of deforestation
development of legislation that will facilitate the protection of the Ironwood Forests
Dendrophylax fawcettiiCayman islands ghost orchidorchidUnknown (declining)Habitat destruction due to infrastructure developmentDevelopment of legislation that will facilitate the protection of the Ironwood Forests
Dicerorhinus sumatrensisSumatran rhinorhino<250 individuals
Hunting for horn -used in traditional medicineExpansion and reinforcement of anti-poaching programmes and continuation of captive breeding efforts
Diomedea amsterdamensisAmsterdam Island albatrossbird100 mature individualsdisease and incidental capture in long-line fishing operationsPrevention of the spread of disease and promotion of best-practice measures in all fisheries within the species range
Diospyros katendei
tree20 individuals, one populationHigh pressure from communities for agricultural activity, illegal tree felling, habitat degradation due to alluvial gold digging and small populationEnforcement of legal protection of area, field surveys for further search and ex situ conservation in arboreta / botanic gardens
Dipterocarpus lamellatus
dipterocarp (tree)12 individualsHabitat loss and degradation due to logging of lowland forest and creation of industrial plantationsRestoration of Sianggau Forest Reserve and re-introduction of species to previous range
Discoglossus nigriventerHula painted frogfrogUnknown (recent rediscovery in 2011)Predation by birds and range restriction due to habitat destructionrestoration of habitat
Discorea strydomianaWild Yamyam200 individualsCollection for medicinal useDevelop strategy for sustainable use and establish ex situ populations
Dombeya mauritiana
flowering plantUnknown (declining)Habitat degradation and destruction due to encroachment by alien invasive plant species and cannabis cultivationControl of invasive plant species, habitat protection and re-introduction of propagated individuals
Elaeocarpus bojeri
flowering plant<10 individualsSmall population and degraded habitatUnknown - trees are currently being closely monitored to determine level of threat and how these should be addressed
Eleutherodactylus glanduliferLa Hotte Glanded FrogfrogUnknown (declining)Habitat destruction due to charcoal production and slash-and-burn agricultureHabitat protection
Eleutherodactylus thorectesMacaya Breast-spot frogfrogUnknown
Habitat destruction due to charcoal production and slash-and-burn agriculture
Protection of habitat
Eriosyce chilensisChilenitocactus<500 individualsCollection of flowering individualsProtection of plants through construction of a fence and signage alerting people to threatened status
Erythrina schliebeniicoral treeflowering tree< 50 individualsLimited habitat and small population size increasing vulnerability to stochastic eventsComplete establishment of Forest Reserves and continue propagation efforts, ex situ conservation
Euphorbia tanaensis
semi-deciduous tree4 mature individualsIllegal logging and habitat degradation due to agricultural expansion and infrastructure development
Enforcement of legal protection in the Witu Forest Reserve, which has diminished due to civil insecurity
Eurynorhynchus pygmeusSpoon-billed sandpiperbird< 100 breeding pairsTrapping on wintering grounds and land reclamation.Maintenance of critical intertidal staging posts and reducing trapping on wintering grounds.
Ficus katendei
tree (ficus)< 50 mature individuals
Agricultural activity, illegal tree felling and habitat degradation due to alluvial gold digging
ex-situ conservation in arboreta / botanic gardens; enforcement of protection to contain encroachment and habitat degradation; community development programmes in areas adjacent to the reserve
Geronticus eremitaNorthern Bald Ibisbird200-249 mature individualsHabitat degradation and destruction, and huntingProtection of key breeding and roosting sites
Gigasiphon macrosiphon
flowering tree33 mature individuals
Timber extraction and habitat degradation due to agricultural encroachment and development, seed predation by wild pigs
Enforcement of protection in reserves and establishment of management plan to mitigate effects of water loss from hydroelectricity developments
Gocea ohridana
molluscUnknown (declining)Habitat degradation due to increasing pollution levels, off-take of water and sedimentation eventsImplement transboundary agreements to improve habitat management
Heleophryne roseiTable Mountain ghost frogfrogUnknown (declining)Habitat degradation due to invasive plants and water abstractionProtection of habitat, continued implementation of management plans and integration of activities between sites
Hemicycla paeteliana
molluscUnknown (declining)Habitat destruction due to overgrazing and trampling by goats and touristsConservation of habitat and control of goats, and limiting recreational access to area by tourists
Heteromirafra sidamoensisLiben Larkbird90- 256 individualsHabitat loss and degradation due to agricultural expansion, over-grazing and fire suppressionRestoration of grasslands, including establishing sustainable land management practices, clearing scrub and reinstating fire regime
Hibiscadelphus woodii
hibiscusUnknownHabitat degradation due to feral ungulates and invasive introduced plant speciesSurvey the extremely steep terrain for additional individuals. Control of invasive species in the remaining suitable habitat so that species can be reintroduced if more individuals are located
Hucho perryi (Parahucho perryi)Sakhalin taimensalmonidUnknown (declining)Overfishing (sport fishing and commercial bycatch) and habitat loss from damming, agriculture and other land use practices.Expansion of conservation protection in rivers in Russia and Japan and enforcement of fishing regulations
Johora singaporensisSingapore Freshwater CrabcrabUnknownHabitat degradation – reduction in water quality and quantityProtection of remaining habitat and establishment of ex-situ populations
Lathyrus belinensis
sweet-pea<1,000 (2010 est)Habitat destruction due to urbanisation, over-grazing, conifer planting and road widening
Habitat protection, control of grazing, halt conifer planting and periodic sampling for ex situ seed conservation
Leiopelma archeyiArchey's frogfrogunknown but decliningChytridiomycosis and predation by invasive speciesContinuation of current conservation efforts
Lithobates sevosusDusky gopher frogfrog60-100 individuals (est 2003)Fungal disease and habitat limitation due to climate change and land-use changesProtection of habitat and management of population to prevent spread of disease
Lophura edwardsiEdward's pheasantbirdUnknownhunting and habitat lossEffective law enforcement, habitat restoration and development of a captive breeding programme
Magnolia wolfii
magnoliaUnknown (declining)
Isolation of species and low regeneration rates
Protection of remaining population and exploration of potential for ex-situ conservation
Margaritifera marocana
mussel<250 individuals (2010 est)Habitat degradation and disturbance due to pollution and development
Habitat protection to mitigate effects of construction of hydroelectricity schemes and agricultural abstraction
Moominia willii
mollusc< 500 individuals
Invasive species and climate change
Protection of habitat and control of invasive species
Natalus primusCuban greater funnel eared batbat<100 individuals (est 2005)habitat loss and human disturbanceprotection of cueva la barca and its surrounds
Nepenthes attenboroughiiAttenborough's Pitcher Plantcarnivorous plantUnknownPoachingCreation of a protected area and enforcement of current legal protection
Neurergus kaiseriLuristan newtnewt<1000 mature individuals
Illegal collection for pet tradeEnforcement of protection
Nomascus hainanusHainan Gibbonprimate< 20 individualshuntinggun confiscation in the area of the Bawangling population and habitat protection
Oreocnemis phoenixMulanje Red DamselbutterflyUnknown (declining)Habitat destruction and degradation due to drainage, agricultural expansion and exploitation of forestEnforcement of habitat protection
Pangasius sanitwongseiPangasid catfishfreshwater fishUnknown (declining)Overfishing and collection for aquarium tradeProtection from overfishing and collection
Parides burchellanus

butterfly< 100 individualsHabitat degrdation due to pressure from human populations and range restrictionProtection of galley forest habitat
Phocoena sinusVaquitaporpoise<200 individuals and decliningIncidental capture in gillnetsBan on use of gillnets throughout the species’ range
Picea neoveitchii
coniferUnknown (declining)Forest destruction
Ex-situ conservation
and re-introduction; establishment of protected areas
Pinus squamataQiaojia PineConifer< 25 mature individualsLimited distribution and small population size
Ex-situ conservation and re-introduction; establishment of protected areas
Poecilotheria metallicaPeacock Parachute Spiderspider
Habitat loss and degradation as a result of deforestation, firewood collection and civil unrestHabitat protection, awareness at community level, inclusion in the national Wildlife Protection Act and national and international trade legislation
Pomarea whitneyiFatuhiva monarchbutterfly50 individuals
Predation by introduced species - Rattus rattus and feral catsIncrease control of introduced species and consider translocation, either to another island or by creating another, larger controlled area in an accessible part of Fatu Hiva
Pristis pristisCommon SawfishsawfishUnknown (declining)Exploitation - has removed the species from 95% of its historical rangeFurther research required to understand current distribution and threats and ways of managing those
Prolemur simusGreater bamboo lemurprimate100-160 individualsHabitat destruction due to slash-and-burn agriculture, mining and illegal loggingHabitat protection and reforestation in the Ivato and Karlanaga regions
Propithecus candidusSilky Sifakaprimate100 -1,000 individualsHunting and habitat disturbanceContinuation and expansion of efforts to end hunting and establishment of protected areas
Psammobates geometricusGeometric tortoisetortoiseUnknownHabitat destruction and degradation, and predationEstablishment of additional reserves and management of fire regimes
Pseudoryx nghetinhensisSaolasaola (bovid affinities)UnknownHunting and habitat destructionIncrease enforcement efforts and habitat protection
Psiadia cataractae
flowering plantUnknownHabitat degradation and destruction due to development project and alien invasive plant species
Effective protection of the area, continuous and effective control of invasive alien plants particularly grasses and replanting of hardened nursery grown plants
Psorodonotus ebneriBeydaglari Bush-cricketcricketUnknownclimate change, habitat loss
Development of a bioacoustic monitoring scheme and strategic conservation action plan, establishment of a nature reserve, implementation of habitat management scheme, and research on population size, trends, distribution, and ecology
Rafetus swinhoeiRed River giant softshell turtleturtle4 known individuals
Hunting for consumption and habitat destruction and degradation as a result of wetland destruction and pollutionEducation and awareness programmes, and captive breeding
Rhinoceros sondaicusJavan rhinorhino< 100 individualsHunting for traditional medicine and small population sizeEnforcement of protection laws and possible establishment of a captive breeding programme
Rhinopithecus avunculusTonkin snub-nosed monkeyprimate< 200 individualshabitat loss and hunting. Known from only a few records in small area of habitat ( less than 10km2),
Establishment of a conservation area for Khau Ca Conservation area in Ha Giang province and increase law enforcement to reduce hunting pressure
Rhizanthella gardneriWest Australian underground Orchidorchid< 100 individualsLand clearance for agriculture (96% habitat cleared to date), climate change and salinisationIn-situ protection of the two supporting organisms and protection of seed stocks and the fungus partner in the seed bank
Rhynchocyon spp.Boni Giant SengisengiUnknown (declining)Highly restricted habitat and distribution, security issues, oil development in area with associated increase in human population in areaFormal protection of Boni-Dodori forest and finalisation of formal identification
Risiocnemis seidenschwarziCebu frill-wingdamsel-flyUnknown (declining)Habitat degradation and destruction.Designation of area as ‘Critical Habitat’ – restricting human access to the areas
Rosa arabica
flowering treeUnknown (declining)Domestic animals grazing, climate change and drought, medicinal plant collection and restricted range
Protection of individuals from exploitation
Salanoia durrelliDurrell's Vontsiravontsira (small carnivore)Unknown (declining)Habitat lossImproved management for Lake Alaotra protected area
Santamartamys rufodorsalisRed-crested tree ratratUnknownHabitat loss through urban development and coffee cultivationSurveys to map species range, continued habitat protection at known site of occurence
Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnisRed-finned blue eyefreshwater fish2,000 - 4,000 individualsPredation by introduced speciesControl of the invasive species Gambusia holbrooki, and reintroduction of S.vermeilipinnis
Squatina squatinaAngel sharksharkUnknown (declining)Benthic trawlingProtection of Canary Islands habitat and nearby continental shelf habitats from trawling
Sterna bernsteiniChinese crested ternbird< 50 mature individualsEgg collection and habitat destructionProtect breeding sites, strengthen legal protection status and raise awareness at breeding colonies
Syngnathus watermeyeriEstuarine Pipefish (River Pipefish)pipefish
Unknown (declining)Construction of dams altering river flows and flood events into estuariesEstablishment of a freshwater ‘reserve’, pollution control and implementation of water use allocations
Tahina spectabilisSuicide Palmpalm90 individualsHabitat loss due to fires, logging and agricultural developmentsEstablishment of a protected area and development of a management plan
Telmatobufo bullockiBullock’s false toadtoadunknownHabita destruction as a result of energy developmentHalting development of the hydo-electricity scheme and protecting habitat
Tokudaia muenninkiOkinawa Spiny Ratratunknown (declining)Habtiat loss and predation by feral catsSurveys to map species range, protection of remaining habitat and feral cat control programme
Trigonostigma somphongsiSomphongs's rasborafreshwater fishUnknown (declining)Habitat loss and degradation from farmland conversion and urbanizationWetland restoration
Valencia letourneuxi
freshwater fishUnknown (declining)Habitat destruction, water abstraction and agressive interaction with GambusiaProtection of habitat and control of Gambusia
Voanioala gerardiiForest Coconutpalm< 10 individualsHarvesting for consumption of palm heart and deforestationProtection of individuals and habitat coupled with public awareness campaigns
Zaglossus attenboroughiAttenborough's EchidnaechidnaUnknownHabitat modification and degradation due to logging, agricultural encroachment shifting cultivation and hunting by local peopleEnhance awareness and cultural significance of the species and establish sustainable management practices and conduct additional surveys

作者: abanaba    時間: 2013-2-21 11:36 PM

滅絕了太可惜,希望有心人能盡一分力去保護它們。
作者: digiboy8866    時間: 2013-2-22 03:11 PM

全部的动物都很美丽,要面临滅絕。

大家一起出一分力去保护大自然。

谢谢分享!
作者: WuSoLo    時間: 2013-2-22 06:15 PM

雖說大自然是美麗的,但也是有它殘酷的一面 ... 就是「物競天擇」這個定律;之不過,這個規條不是由人類定下來的,我們可不可以不再作過度的消費、虛耗來讓大自然有個公平的競爭環境呢!




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