Doves mate for life until one of them dies, then the survivor will accept another mate. First they spend time together, growing close, then there is a lot of cooing and preening and billing. When it's finally time to complete the mating process, the male will mount the back of the female and align his cloaca with hers in an attempt to drop a small amount of semen near her cloaca. The female then draws the semen into her cloaca. This semen is what fertilizes the eggs she will lay.